Reports of Smell and Taste Adverse Events from GLP-1 RA’sRyann Kolb1, Emmanuel Nartey2, Alicia Lozano2, Alexandra Hanlon2, Vicente Ramirez1, Valentina Parma11Monell Chemical Senses Cent

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely prescribed for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity by regulating appetite, a function heavily influenced by taste and smell. Post-marketing surveillance data from the FDA Adverse Event (AE) Reporting System was used to evaluate the effects of GLP-1 RAs on taste and smell. Methods: We analyzed AE reports (01/01/2019–09/30/2024) on taste disorders (dysgeusia, ageusia, hypogeusia, non-specified taste disorder) and smell disorders (anosmia, hyposmia, parosmia, phantosmia) for GLP-1 RAs (semaglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide; N=113,452) and non-GLP-1 RA drugs with known chemosensory adverse effects [i.e., metformin (non-GLP-1 RA drug for diabetes), nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid), and terbinafine (antifungal); N=257,356] using a standard disproportionality approach. Results: As expected, non-GLP-1 RA drugs exhibited high (>2.0) Reporting Odds Ratios (ROR) for one or more chemosensory AEs, with the largest effects for taste dysfunction. Examples include metformin for parosmia (ROR=4.8; 95% CI 3.8-6.0), nirmatrelvir for dysgeusia (ROR=83.0; 95% CI 80.3-85.7), and terbinafine for ageusia (ROR=39.0; 95% CI 32.8-46.3). Although GLP-1 RAs overall demonstrated high associations among non-specified taste disorders (ROR=2.1; 95% CI 1.9-2.3) and parosmia (ROR=2.5; 95% CI 2.0-3.1), these effects are lower than observed for the non-GLP-1 RA drugs. Among GLP-1 RAs, semaglutide demonstrates the strongest associations, with an ROR=3.6 [95% CI 3.2-4.1] for taste disorder and ROR=4.4 [95% CI 3.3-5.8] for parosmia. Conclusion: GLP-1 RAs show significant associations with taste and smell disorders, the nature of which requires further study.

Ryann Kolb¹, Emmanuel Nartey², Alicia Lozano², Alexandra Hanlon², Vicente Ramirez¹, Valentina Parma^1
1Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
²Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States

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