China’s Rare Earth Export Controls: Impact on US Industries with Focus on Medical and Biotech Sectors
Background and Recent Developments On April 4, 2025, China announced significant export controls on seven critical rare earth elements (REEs) – samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium[1]. This move, described as a „precision strike“ against US supply chains, came as a retaliatory measure against President Donald Trump’s tariff package[7]. China currently dominates the global rare earth market, producing approximately 70% of mined REEs and controlling 85% of global processing capacity[2][7]. The timing of these restrictions is particularly concerning as they come during a period of increasing demand for these critical minerals across various industries. The US Department of Energy has identified rare earth elements as playing a „critical role to our national security, energy independence, environmental future, and economic growth“[3]. Strategic Importance of Rare Earth Elements Rare earth elements, comprising 17 elements on the periodic table, are essential…








